Military headstones in the United States use specific materials based on strict government standards. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides these markers at no cost to eligible veterans. The choice of stone materials has evolved since the Civil War.
Most modern military headstones use white marble or granite. Marble was the standard material from the Civil War until the late 20th century. The VA switched to granite for new headstones in 1994. This change improved durability and reduced maintenance costs.
The white marble came from quarries in Colorado, Vermont, and Georgia. These stones created the uniform appearance in older military cemeteries. Marble offered a bright white color and smooth surface for engraving. The material showed weather damage over time.
Granite headstones use stone from American quarries. The VA requires specific grades of granite that meet color and durability standards. The granite must be light gray with minimal pattern variation. This maintains the uniform appearance of military cemeteries.
Bronze plaques offer another option for military graves. These markers mount on concrete or granite bases. Bronze provides durability and resists weather damage. The metal develops a dark patina over time but remains readable.
Arlington National Cemetery contains examples of different headstone materials. The older sections show marble markers from various eras. Newer areas display granite headstones. This mix of materials tells the story of memorial evolution.
Military headstones follow exact size requirements. Upright markers stand 42 inches high, 13 inches wide, and 4 inches thick. Flat markers measure 24 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 4 inches thick. These dimensions create visual harmony in military cemeteries.
The inscription process differs between materials. Marble stones use deep cut letters filled with lithochrome. Granite markers use sandblasted inscriptions. Bronze plaques feature raised letters cast into the metal. Each method suits the material properties.
The VA maintains strict quality control for headstone materials. Quarries must prove their stone meets federal specifications. Testing covers strength, absorption rates, and weathering resistance. These standards ensure long-term durability.
Weather affects each material type. Marble can show erosion and darkening from pollution. Granite resists weathering but may show slight color changes. Bronze develops patina but maintains structural integrity. These factors influenced the switch to granite.
Private headstones in military cemeteries must match official standards. Families who choose private markers must use approved materials and sizes. This rule maintains the visual unity of military burial grounds. The VA reviews all private marker requests.
The government provides replacement markers for damaged stones. Weather, accidents, or age can require headstone replacement. The VA uses current materials for replacements, even in historic sections. This practice balances preservation with practical maintenance.
Military cemeteries overseas use the same material standards. American Battle Monuments Commission maintains these sites. The markers use identical specifications to domestic cemeteries. Local quarries might supply stone that meets VA requirements.
Stone selection affects long-term maintenance costs. Granite requires less upkeep than marble. Bronze needs periodic cleaning to maintain appearance. These factors influence cemetery management decisions.
The future of military headstones continues with granite. The material proves cost-effective and durable. New quarry sources maintain steady supply. The VA reviews material options as technology advances.
Understanding headstone materials helps preserve military memorial traditions. Each stone represents service and sacrifice. The choice of materials ensures these memorials endure for future generations.